Ethereum has just completed a critical upgrade, and the cost structure of the Layer2 ecosystem is undergoing change. The newly launched BPO2 mechanism expands the data storage layer, and this adjustment could reshape the fee landscape for L2.

What are the core changes? The Blob module introduced during the Dencun upgrade has been upgraded. Simply put, this is a data channel reserved for Ethereum's Layer2 applications. Previously, each block could accommodate up to 12 data packets; now, this has been directly increased to 21. At the same time, the target value has been adjusted from 6 to 14.

What does this mean? The "toll" for data writing from L2s like Optimism and Arbitrum to the mainnet will significantly decrease. Previously, due to capacity constraints, data packets often queued, causing fees to rise. Now, with the window doubled, competition pressure eases, and the cost of data publication will inevitably decline. Users' interaction costs on L2—such as transfers, interactions, and various operations' gas fees—will benefit accordingly.

Why do this? Since the Dencun upgrade, the demand for Blob in the L2 ecosystem has grown rapidly. Data space has been in long-term saturation, which is not very healthy. The Ethereum Foundation has adopted the BPO new mechanism this time, optimizing capacity through parameter adjustments rather than complex network forks, making it a "precise infrastructure upgrade."

The impact on the ecosystem can be viewed from several dimensions:

First, the user costs on L2 are further reduced. In the short term, operating on these Layer2s will see a significant decrease in gas fees.

Second, the ecosystem's capacity to support applications is enhanced. Increased capacity means more L2 applications and projects can access stable data processing space, boosting overall ecosystem activity.

Third, rollup-centered scaling solutions are validated. This upgrade further demonstrates the feasibility of Ethereum's technical route, laying a foundation for future ecosystem development.

Essentially, this is an infrastructure-level cost reduction and efficiency improvement. As the "cake" grows larger and costs decrease, the benefits ultimately extend to all participants in the ecosystem—from developers to ordinary users. This positive feedback loop could drive rapid development of L2 applications in the coming period.

An interesting question: after this upgrade, which Layer2 will be the first to leverage lower fees to lead in application innovation or user growth?