Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin recently posted a series of articles explaining two major core changes to Ethereum's execution layer—transforming the state tree into a binary tree through EIP-7864, and replacing the EVM with RISC-V in the long term. He pointed out that these two changes together account for over 80% of the proof efficiency bottleneck. What’s even more noteworthy is that Vitalik also stated that AI will significantly accelerate the entire roadmap, and suggested that half of the speed benefits brought by AI be invested in security enhancements.