Circle Research says quantum attacks could break ECDSA and RSA by 2030, forcing blockchains to adopt post-quantum signatures. Developers are testing post-quantum TLS, validator signatures, and larger keys as regulators push upgrades in the U.S. and EU. Wallets, addresses, and ZK systems

Ethereum completed its second BPO hard fork this Wednesday, increasing the blob limit from 15 to 21, with a single block data capacity reaching 2,688 KB. This significantly enhances network scalability and reduces Layer 2 transaction costs. Future plans include raising the Gas Limit from 60 million to 80 million, and the Glamsterdam upgrade in 2026 will introduce "Perfect Parallel Processing" technology, pushing the Gas cap to 200 million. (Background recap: Vitalik announced: The blockchain "Impossible Triangle" has been cracked, PeerDAS and ZK-EVM solve Ethereum throughput and security) (Additional background: Tom

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin said that getting zkEVM and PeerDAS on mainnet will help to achieve scalability, security, and decentralization, all at once. zkEVMs have reached production-grade efficiency, cutting proof times from minutes to seconds and reducing costs by 45x. Vitalik Bu

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated that the long-standing "Blockchain Trilemma" that has troubled the blockchain industry has actually been solved. He emphasized that after recent upgrades, Ethereum has undergone a transformation, becoming a "brand new, more powerful decentralized network" capable of balancing security, decentralization, and scalability simultaneously. Vitalik Buterin posted on social platform X: "Now, we have PeerDAS, which will be introduced in 2025, and partial adoption in 2026."

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin said on January 6, 2026, that Ethereum has effectively solved the long-standing blockchain trilemma after nearly a decade of research and protocol upgrades.

Written by: Blockchain Knight Ethereum founder Vitalik posted on social media a review of 2025, pointing out that Ethereum has overcome the industry's long-standing scalability trilemma, achieving a major technological breakthrough. However, the network needs to choose between chasing speculative trends and fulfilling the original goal of being a "neutral global computer." He emphasized that the technological upgrades in 2025 are not the end, but the foundation for resisting the centralized subscription-based internet. V God declared that the era of the scalability trilemma (decentralization, security, and scalability being difficult to achieve simultaneously) has ended and has been implemented in actual running code. The core support comes from two major technological upgrades: PeerDAS mainnet has been activated, and ZK-EVM has reached production-level performance, with only security checks remaining. The integration of these two makes Ethereum both decentralized, consensus-driven, and high-bandwidth, enhancing network processing

Cardano enables Bitcoin smart contracts using Cardano tooling without changing Bitcoin’s core protocol. ZK-proof integration allows trustless BTC movement into Cardano’s DeFi ecosystem. Bitcoin liquidity gains access to Cardano DeFi through secure cross-chain execution. Cardano has

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin said that getting zkEVM and PeerDAS on mainnet will help to achieve scalability, security, and decentralization, all at once. zkEVMs have reached production-grade efficiency, cutting proof times from minutes to seconds and reducing costs by 45x. Vitalik Bu

Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin's latest lengthy article states that the core goal of Ethereum's inception was not to improve efficiency or convenience, but to pursue freedom and resilience, creating a decentralized and sovereign "world computer" to ensure autonomy and security for users worldwide. (Previous summary: Vitalik announces a breakthrough: the blockchain "impossible triangle" has been solved, PeerDAS and ZK-EVM address Ethereum's throughput and security) (Additional background: Vitalik's 2026 New Year declaration: Ethereum exists not for storytelling, but to become the world computer of the free internet) Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin published a lengthy article today (5th) on the decentralized social platform Farcaster, quoting and elaborating on "Trustless

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin claims the blockchain trilemma of decentralization, security, and scalability has been resolved through ZK-EVMs and PeerDAS, with live implementations now on the mainnet, enhancing transaction efficiency and verification.

Ethereum founder Vitalik announces that PeerDAS and ZK-EVM have successfully solved the "Impossible Triangle" problem, enhancing network capacity and security. This breakthrough will attract institutional funding and promote the prospects of on-chain infrastructure. PeerDAS improves data availability, while ZK-EVM enhances transaction privacy and performance, expanding its appeal in the future.

PeerDAS brings live data availability sampling to Ethereum, supporting higher throughput without sacrificing decentralization. ZK-EVMs reached alpha production performance, setting the path toward ZK-based block validation from 2027 onward. Erasure coding and sampling let light clients ve

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin declared that the blockchain has solved the trilemma through a combination of ZK-EVMs reaching production-grade performance and PeerDAS running live on mainnet. Summary Vitalik Buterin says Ethereum now achieves bandwidth, consensus, and decentralization. ZK

_Ethereum enters a new phase as ZK-EVMs and PeerDAS reshape scalability, decentralization, and consensus, according to Vitalik Buterin._ Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin said the network is entering a historic transformation phase. He opened by describing how ZK-EVMs and PeerDAS

Decentralized perpetual contract exchange Lighter has completed an airdrop totaling $675 million, but the token distribution plan has sparked polarized opinions within the community. The protocol stands out with zero fees and ZK technology, yet faces questions about data authenticity and system stability, making user retention in the post-airdrop era a key challenge. (Background recap: Lighter platform token $LIT officially launched! The airdrop reached a scale of $675 million, and a Taiwanese high school student made a whopping $6 million from a single trade) (Additional background: Lighter airdrops LIT tokens! Registering a US company will redirect 100% of revenue back into the token) Table of Contents Polarized reactions to the airdrop, token distribution sparks controversy Top capital bets on Harvard geniuses to build Lighter ZK empowers Lighter to achieve 15K+

Author: Jae, PANews The final airdrop suspense of this year came to an end last night (December 30). Perp DEX (Decentralized Perpetual Contract Exchange) Lighter announced the completion of its airdrop distribution, with a total of $675 million worth of tokens airdropped to early participants, bringing a touch of warmth to the cold market at the end of 2025. Although the winter market is somewhat bleak, the competition for liquidity and trading experience on the Perp DEX battlefield is becoming increasingly fierce. The industry is witnessing the gradual replacement of early automated market makers (AMMs) by high-performance centralized limit order books (CLOBs). Based on zk-rollup technology, Lighter has quickly stood out, leveraging its zero-fee strategy and customized ZK circuits to attempt to redefine the standards of on-chain derivatives trading. Since ancient times, airdrops have been difficult to balance, and Lighter undoubtedly faces competition from other airdrop projects.

Ethereum staking queue experiences its first golden cross in half a year, with BitMine investing one billion USD, igniting expectations of liquidity tightening in 2026 (Background: What does Solana reaching 100,000 TPS under ideal conditions mean?) (Additional context: Ethereum hitting 10,000 TPS? How to use ZK technology to break the "Impossible Triangle") Table of Contents Queue Golden Cross: Pressure Nearing Bottom BitMine's One Billion USD Bet Sparks Market Liquidity Tightening: The 2026 Repricing Scenario On the last weekend of 2025, most Wall Street screens went dark, but Ethereum (Ethereum) suddenly revealed a key signal. On December 29, validators "entered the queue" surged to 745,619 ETH, with an average wait time of 13 days; "

Blockchain competition has shifted from TPS to transaction ordering layers. Ordering directly affects market makers' bid-ask spreads and depth. The new generation of ordering innovations is transitioning from "general ordering" to "application-aware ordering," which could be the key turning point for DEX to surpass CEX. This article is adapted, translated, and written by Dongqu from PANews. (Previous context: What does it mean for Solana to reach 100,000 TPS under ideal conditions?) (Additional background: Ethereum's impact of 10,000 TPS? How to use ZK technology to break the "impossible triangle") The competition between chains has risen to the level of "transaction ordering," which directly influences market makers' bid-ask spreads and depth🧐🧐 The demand for "general chains" has been disproven. Currently, the competition between chains focuses on two levels: 1) Building "application chains" on the basis of existing mature businesses, allowing

The highly anticipated decentralized perpetual contract trading platform Lighter is about to reach a key milestone—Token Generation Event (TGE) and a large-scale airdrop. According to core information disclosed by the project team in the market Q&A, its native token LIT has a total supply of 1 billion tokens, of which up to 25%, or 250 million tokens, will be used for the initial airdrop, with no lock-up restrictions. This airdrop will be directly distributed based on the completed points system, and community speculation suggests that the timing window is very likely to be in the coming days. Against the backdrop of a generally sluggish market, Lighter’s TGE performance is regarded by the industry as a key indicator of current market risk appetite, supported by its ZK Rollup-based technical architecture, a total locked value of $1.392 billion, and a recent massive financing round of $68 million.

The cryptocurrency industry enters a new era of security from December 2025, according to Balaji Srinivasan in Dubai. During the Binance Blockchain Week event, he analyzed the development process of cryptocurrencies, from the proof-of-work( to smart contracts.

Ethereum Approaches Major Upgrades in 2026: Scaling with Zero-Knowledge Proofs and Improved Interoperability 2026 is poised to be a transformative year for Ethereum, marked by significant advancements in scalability, interoperability, and network infrastructure. The upcoming deployment of

Mesari Research Institute recently evaluated in a report that the private chain framework "Prividium" based on ZKsync will become a core architecture that simultaneously enhances the scalability and privacy of the Ethereum ecosystem. Through the Airbender and Atlas upgrades, Prividium is expected to achieve excellent performance, low costs, and improved settlement finality, and is anticipated to have a direct impact on enterprise blockchain deployments and ZK token circulation structures. Prividium is a permissioned private chain built on the ZKsync stack. It stores all execution and state data in an off-chain database while performing effective settlement on Ethereum through zero-knowledge proofs. This allows enterprises to obtain verifiable settlement paths without exposing sensitive internal data externally. According to the Mesari Research Institute's report, users can gain access to authentication systems such as Okta, Azure, and others.

Ethereum Approaches Major Upgrades in 2026: Scaling with Zero-Knowledge Proofs and Improved Interoperability 2026 is poised to be a transformative year for Ethereum, marked by significant advancements in scalability, interoperability, and network infrastructure. The upcoming deployment of

Ethereum is expected to undergo two major forks in 2026: the mid-year Glamsterdam fork introduces perfect parallel processing and ZK proofs, with the Gas limit soaring to 200 million; the end-of-year Heze-Bogota fork enhances censorship resistance. About 10% of validators will switch from re-executing transactions to verifying ZK proofs, with L1 scaling up to 10,000 transactions per second.

$BREV serves as the core utility and governance token for Brevis ProverNet, used to pay for ZK proof generation and verification fees, act as a staking and reward medium, and grant holders governance rights.

Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) track core infrastructure Brevis officially releases its native ecosystem token BREV with a complete economic model. BREV has a total supply of 1 billion tokens and serves as the payment medium, staking asset, and governance credential for the decentralized proof network Brevis ProverNet. The token release marks a significant step for Brevis towards an open proof market led by the community with aligned economic incentives. The initial circulation is 25% of the total supply, with team and investor tokens locked for one year, demonstrating the project's commitment to long-term development. With the launch of the mainnet testnet, BREV is expected to become a key value carrier connecting data, computation, and blockchain trust verification.

The former Ethereum general Layer 2 network Mantle underwent a profound strategic restructuring in 2025, transforming into a modular ecosystem focused on on-chain finance. Its core upgrades include migrating to the OP-Succinct ZK Validium architecture, shortening finality time to about 1 hour, and reducing withdrawal time to 12 hours, while relying on EigenDA to ensure data availability. Within the ecosystem, the staking and re-staking stack composed of mETH and cmETH manages over 1.07 billion USD of underlying assets, becoming its most important capital cornerstone. At the same time, through deep integration with mainstream CEXs, institutional-level tokenization services, and a total locked-up value of 242 million USD in DeFi, Mantle is building a new paradigm of on-chain finance that serves institutions and emerging capital markets.

Lighter.xyz, an Ethereum zk-rollup DEX, is filtering out exploitative trading practices from its points program before the $LIT token launch, opting to redistribute slashed points to genuine users. This aims to enhance community integrity and support long-term protocol health.

Written by: Tia, Techub News When "zkEVM achieves real-time verification, reducing proof latency from 16 minutes to 16 seconds" is mentioned repeatedly, it is often understood as a mere performance improvement. However, in the zk framework, time is not a neutral metric. The magnitude of the delay directly determines whether the zkEVM can enter the timing critical path of the system, thereby changing its role in the architecture. 16 seconds is not just "faster", but it is the first time that zk proofs have been brought into the time scale close to the block slot. This step has fundamentally different implications for L2 zkEVM and L1 zkEVM. On L2 zkEVM: From "Post-Finality" to Slot-Level Trustworthy State In L2 zkEVM, the function of zk proofs is to provide

ZK price is testing lower four-hour channel support, showing a short-term bullish bounce as sellers lose momentum. Resistance at $0.0337 and supply zones near $0.07–$0.08 remain critical for trend reversal confirmation and sustained upside. Daily charts show a ma

Recently, a16z proposed the concept of a staking media (Staked Media), which is very interesting. Considering that now social media is full of AI accounts, fake news looks just like real ones, and ordinary users simply don't have the time or energy to distinguish truth from falsehood. The prediction of "staked media" is not a pipe dream. It may appear within the next two years. So, what exactly is staked media? In simple terms, using encryption technologies like zk, media or individuals can prove that they are trustworthy, similar to "writing a note" online. This "note" is stored on the blockchain and cannot be tampered with. Merely writing a note is not enough; they also need to "stake something" as collateral. For example, using ETH, USDC, or other cryptocurrencies. This is to prove that the content they publish is genuine and reliable. If it is proven to be false information, the staked assets will be forfeited. This creates an environment that encourages honesty.

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin is calling for social media platforms to use cryptography and blockchain tools to make their content-ranking systems more transparent and verifiable. In a Monday X post, Buterin argued that X should use zero-knowledge proofs (ZK-proofs) and blockchain to prove th

The essay discusses DEXTF's transition to the Memento ZK Chain, enhancing institutional DeFi by ensuring privacy and compliance for financial adoption. The integration enables secure investment strategies and efficient workflows for asset management while signaling a shift towards professional-grade DeFi solutions.

Summary The market sentiment warmed up driven by the strong performance of BTC and ETH, with weekly gains in sectors such as prediction markets, GambleFi, and ZK reaching 18%–35%. Institutional Bitcoin holdings surged significantly, and capital allocation structures continued to deepen. Major banks accelerated their deployment of Bitcoin collateral services, and institutional-grade funding acceptance continued to rise. Rate cuts triggered intense market volatility, with Ethereum and Bitcoin experiencing large fluctuations in response to macro signals. Digital Asset completed a $50 million funding round, led by DRW Venture. CONX, APT, and ARB will unlock approximately $21.83 million, $19.68 million, and $19.58 million worth of tokens respectively over the next 7 days. Market Commentary Market Analysis BTC Market — BTC showed a "fluctuating" trend over the past day

Lighter—a decentralized perpetual futures exchange built on Ethereum's zk-rollup technology—has claimed the throne in the competitive Perp DEX arena, clocking a staggering $8.83 billion in 24-hour trading volume and edging out rival Hyperliquid's $8.52 billion.

After the Ethereum Fusaka upgrade, although the EIP-7918 mechanism was introduced, the ETH value capture issue remains unresolved, and L2 still accounts for the majority of profits. Using Based Rollup can alleviate liquidity fragmentation and ETH value capture issues, allowing L2 to inherit L1 security. However, L2s are generally reluctant to give up profits and reforms need to be promoted. Reya Chain uses ZK proofs to ensure finality and buy back ETH, which can bring positive impacts to the Ethereum ecosystem.

After the Ethereum Fusaka upgrade, although the EIP-7918 mechanism was introduced, the ETH value capture issue remains unresolved, and L2 still accounts for the majority of profits. Using Based Rollup can alleviate liquidity fragmentation and ETH value capture issues, allowing L2 to inherit L1 security. However, L2s are generally reluctant to give up profits and reforms need to be promoted. Reya Chain uses ZK proofs to ensure finality and buy back ETH, which can bring positive impacts to the Ethereum ecosystem.

Aster DEX just tapped into zero-knowledge firepower. The multi-chain decentralized exchange has partnered with Brevis. It’s a ZK verifiable computation platform to upgrade speed, privacy and security across its trading stack. The goal is simple but bold. Make on-chain trading fast like a centralized

Brevis has partnered with Aster to address DEX speed, security, and privacy challenges. Through off-chain computation and efficient ZK proofs, both parties will improve execution speed and secure verification while protecting user privacy.

ZK hardware acceleration company Cysic has been making frequent moves recently, and its native token CYS has confirmed that it will be launched on the Binance Alpha platform on December 11, while airdrop inquiries for eligible users have also been opened. Previously, Cysic completed a $12 million Pre-A round in May 2024, aiming to disrupt the zero-knowledge proof (ZK) generation market. Its core vision, ComputeFi, aims to transform computing resources such as GPUs and ASIC miners into programmable and verifiable liquid assets to build a decentralized general-purpose computing market, which may become another key piece of the puzzle for Web3 infrastructure after DeFi and decentralized storage.

Cysic Network is the industry's first decentralized verifier network designed specifically for zero-knowledge proofs (ZK). It leverages self-developed ASIC chips and community GPU computing power to provide ZK projects with the fastest and most cost-effective proof generation and verification services. The network adopts a Proof of Compute consensus mechanism, combining the advantages of both proof of work and proof of stake. Participants can earn token rewards by contributing computing power, staking tokens, or participating in governance.

Ethereum Layer 2 networks enhance transaction speed and reduce costs, making them ideal for enterprises. With Optimistic and ZK Rollups providing security, institutions can customize workflows efficiently. L2 AppChains enable dedicated chains while maintaining Ethereum's security, supporting large-scale blockchain adoption.

According to DeepFlow TechFlow, on December 9, Mantle released its latest "report card" for 2025, outlining a pivotal year in its comprehensive transformation from a high-performance Layer-2 network to an on-chain financial ecosystem. Ecosystem Milestones: - Ranked in the top 30 on CoinMarketCap and CoinGecko - Treasury assets surpassed $7.9 billion - TVL exceeded $2.2 billion - Stablecoin supply surpassed $750 million - Global community members exceeded 1 million - Ecosystem partners and dApps surpassed 200 Core Infrastructure Upgrades: - EigenLayer integration: the first and largest L2 to collaborate with EigenLayer - OP-Succinct: the first OP to adopt ZK Validity Rollup

Author: Kev.Ξth, Crypto Researcher Compiled by: Felix, PANews The following 10 summaries are based on Vitalik’s interpretation of Public Goods Funding (PGF) in 2026, as well as a recent survey based on public data and user self-reported data. Possible directions for PGF after reform: 1. Traditional funding still accounts for a considerable proportion, but innovative on-chain PGF mechanisms are beginning to take shape. 2. Verifiable mechanisms replace unverifiable concepts: On-chain PGF has shifted from a charity model to a verifiable, liquid, and dependency-driven funding model. 3. Privacy and open source first: Focus on public goods that are critical to Ethereum’s survival. 4. Provide funding for dependencies: Deep

Brevis Launches marketplace for Zero-Knowledge Proof Computation Brevis, a pioneer in zero-knowledge proof (ZK-proof) coprocessor technology, has announced the launch of its marketplace, enabling users

Zero-knowledge proof (ZK-proof) coprocessor Brevis launched its marketplace, allowing users to earn by computing ZK-proofs. According to a Monday Brevis announcement, the “ProverNet” decentralized physical infrastructure (DePIN) network allows applications to access ZK-proof proving capacity and co

In brief Anonymous phone service provider Phreeli launched in the U.S. last week. It enables customers to sign up for a number by providing only their zip code, while zero-knowledge proofs are used to verify bill payment. Zcash co-founder Zooko Wilcox was consulted on how to apply ZK proofs to

zkSync has started preparing the retirement of its original ZK-rollup, setting up a transition to more advanced infrastructure across its network. Summary zkSync Lite will be deprecated in 2026 under a planned shutdown process. Funds remain safe, and a migration guide will arrive next year.

In brief ZKsync has announced plans to deprecate its Lite network in 2026 as part of a long-signaled transition. Remaining funds on Lite total about $50 million, based on L2BEAT's latest figures. Engineers expect all future development to center on zkEVM systems and ZK Stack deployments.

In Brief ZKsync’s new Layer 1 interoperability enables ZK Stack chains and private institutional infrastructure to access Ethereum DeFi directly, securely, and with full on-chain asset isolation. Ethereum Layer 2 network ZKsync introduced a new Layer 1 interoperability feature that enables