加密数字货币交易所-《论语》详解：给所有曲解孔子的人-子曰：为政以德譬，如北辰居其所而众星共之。

Confucius said: Governing by virtue is like the North Star, remaining in its place while all the other stars revolve around it.

Detailed explanation: The usual punctuation is “Governing by virtue, like the North Star, remaining in its place while all the other stars revolve around it.” “Revolve,” a phonetic loan character for “arch,” means to encircle. The entire sentence is generally interpreted as “ruling the country with virtue, just like the North Star sitting steadily in its position, with other stars rotating around it.” Such explanations are based on the premise of “the Way as the fundamental,” essentially taking this sentence as the cornerstone of the so-called “benevolent and virtuous governance” model of the Lu school. A historical fact is that after Confucius, the Confucian tradition practiced this so-called “benevolent and virtuous governance” of the Lu model, which completely deviated from Confucius’s “Qi unified change, reaching Lu; Lu’s change, reaching the Way.” This “Way-centered” Lu-style “benevolent and virtuous governance” often involves fabricating abstract “benevolence and virtue” principles, establishing them as standards, and then promoting them across all aspects of society, transforming and shaping people in the process—aiming to make everyone into a uniform product molded by this “benevolence and virtue” template. This results in a kind of so-called Great Unity based on uniformity. But true Great Unity can only be achieved through diversity, allowing the world to become a unified collective. The monster created by this “Way-centered” Lu-style “benevolent and virtuous governance” is a product of such a model.

The correct punctuation should be: “Governing by virtue is like the North Star, remaining in its place while all the other stars revolve around it.” “Governing,” meaning to set up or establish—i.e., to position its foundation and its place; “by,” to make or cause; “virtue,” derived from “obtaining” the “Way of the Sage” or “the Way of the Good.” “Like” cannot be treated as a single word as in colloquial language, but as “譬” + “如,” belonging to the preceding and following clauses respectively. “譬,” to enlighten or make known, extended to mean to manifest; “如,” like; “reside,” to be located; “所,” borrowed as “reside,” meaning place; “共,” a phonetic loan for “arch,” meaning to hold or support. The phrase “North Star resides in its place while the other stars support it” literally means the North Star is at its position while other stars support it. The deeper meaning is that once people determine the North Star’s position, they support this position and accordingly set the positions of other stars. But the position of the North Star is not a priori fixed; for example, saying the North Star is in the north is just because the social and cultural system labels that as “north,” and in reality, the North Star’s position is not fixed and can change over time. The determination of the North Star’s position is just a specific, real-time result involving human participation, and the positions of other stars based on the North Star’s position are similarly the result of human involvement in the present.

“Governing by virtue, like the North Star,” means establishing and setting up “governance” to manifest the “Way of the Sage” and “the Way of the Good,” just like the principle that “the North Star resides in its place while the other stars support it.” It cannot be that the principles of “governance” are established a priori. Their establishment is merely a specific, real-time outcome involving all people in society. Any notion that treats a particular form of state or government as an a priori, universally valid principle and deifies it is not the “Way of governing,” but just lies fabricated for private interests. Someone might say, isn’t this just “analyzing specific problems according to specific circumstances”? Wrong! This is at least not the usual “analyzing specific problems according to specific circumstances.” Generally, “analyzing specific problems according to specific circumstances” simply means applying a universal set of rules to specific issues, which is not the Marxist concept of “analyzing specific problems according to specific circumstances.” In the Marxist sense, “analyzing specific problems according to specific circumstances” essentially means that all Marxist theories are premised on analyzing the logical reality, with no prior logic existing before the specific problem. Specific analysis is not about applying some a priori rules but about uncovering the real logical relationships within the specific problem. From this perspective, Marx and Confucius once again shake hands.

This chapter further elaborates on the previous one’s statement that “the ‘Way of the Sage’ and the ‘Way of the Good’ are the Great Path, and also the path of reality; with no position to base on, where does ‘the basis’ come from?” It is precisely because there is no fixed position that one can generate the foundation without a position, and a position without a foundation. This is the true Great Path, the path of reality. What does “Governing by virtue, like the North Star, remaining in its place while all the other stars revolve around it” mean? It means “generating its foundation without a position, and its position without a foundation.” Only by understanding this sentence can one truly grasp the Marxist concept of “analyzing specific problems according to specific circumstances,” and also truly understand what “Governing by virtue, like the North Star, remaining in its place while all the other stars revolve around it” means. **$ALMANAK **$MAGMA **$HUMA **